Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling has been widely used to design and/or retrofit boilers in the power generation and other industries where steam is generated from burning fossil fuels, biomass, or municipal waste. This modeling technique has become increasingly important due to the economic and environmental shifts, particularly with the move from coal to natural […]

Storage tanks are widely used in refineries and sour gas processing plants for temporary storage of molten sulfur produced in the sulfur recovery units. These tanks are typically constructed with carbon steel and are cylindrical with external insulation on the side and the roof. Corrosion may occur on the external and internal surfaces of the […]

Vortex shedding is a flow-induced phenomenon that takes place when there is a structural element in the flow path, such as a closed branch or a thermowell. Vortex shedding leads to an oscillating flow. Depending on the flow conditions, if the frequency of vortex shedding is close to the natural frequencies of the flow system, […]

Erosion is a mechanical degradation process in which the material gradually wears off due to continuous impingement of abrasive solid particles, which leads to deformation, chipping, and/or cracking of the material surface. Erosion often occurs in various engineering flow systems where fluids are transported with entrained solid particles. In regions where the flow direction changes, […]

In the development of aircraft engines, physical tests are necessary to examine the overall performance of the engines. The exhaust gas from the test engine has high temperatures and often high pressures. The gas must be quenched before releasing to the atmosphere. A water-spray quench section is used for this purpose. The design of the […]